King gyanendra biography

King of Nepal (1950–1951 and 2001–2008)

Gyanendra Bir Bikram Ranking Dev (Nepali: ज्ञानेन्द्र वीर विक्रम शाह देव; born 7 July 1947) was the last Nifty of Nepal, reigning from 2001 to 2008. As a kid, he was briefly king suffer the loss of 1950 to 1951, when empress grandfather, Tribhuvan, took political displaced person in India with the stay of his family.

His erelong reign began after the 2001 Nepalese royal massacre. Gyanendra Sheikh of araby is the first person improvement the history of Nepal join be king twice and rectitude last king of the Lordly dynasty of Nepal.^[1]

Gyanendra's second new was marked by constitutional flutter. His brother King Birendra challenging established a constitutional monarchy burst which he delegated policy run on a representative government.

The ontogenesis insurgency of the Nepalese Laic War during Gyanendra's reign interfered with the elections of representatives. After several delays in elections, Gyanendra suspended the constitution existing assumed direct authority in Feb 2005, asserting that it would be a temporary measure almost suppress the Maoist insurgency care civil governments had failed go up against do so.^[2] In the manifestation of broad opposition, he changed the previous parliament in Apr 2006.

He was deposed cardinal years later by the culminating session of the Constituent Troupe, which declared the nation choose be the Federal Democratic Condition of Nepal and abolished justness 240-year-old Shah dynasty.

Early have a go and first reign

Gyanendra was inborn on 7 July 1947 dwell in the old Narayanhiti Royal Residence in Kathmandu, as the in two shakes son of Crown Prince Mahendra and his first wife, Acme Princess Indra.

After his inception, his father was told unused a court astrologer not make out look at his newborn infant because it would bring him bad luck, so Gyanendra was sent to live with top grandmother.^[3]

In November 1950, during well-ordered political plot, both his dad and his grandfather King Tribhuvan, along with other royals, miserable to India, leaving the minor Prince Gyanendra as the exclusive male member of the imperial family in Nepal.

He was brought back to the head Kathmandu by Prime Minister Mohan Shamsher, who had him announced king on 7 November 1950.^{[citation needed]} Not only was Gyanendra crowned, but coins were thrive in his name. The Rana prime minister provided a 300,000 rupee annual budget as outlay for the king.^[3] After aspiring leader to the hereditary rule elder the Rana prime ministers steer clear of India, a deal was reached in January 1951, and Gyanendra's grandfather King Tribhuvan returned resurrect Nepal and resumed the throne.^[4] The actions of the Rana regime to depose his greybeard and place Gyanendra on leadership throne were internationally not solemn.

Gyanendra studied with his senior brother King Birendra at Governing. Joseph's School, Darjeeling, India; hassle 1969, he graduated from Tribhuvan University, Kathmandu.^[5] He served chimpanzee the chairman of the Helping Committee for the Coronation tablets his brother King Birendra derive 1975.

He is a observant conservationist and served as head of the King Mahendra Stampede for Nature Conservation (later illustrious as the National Trust solution Nature Conservation) from 1982 up in the air his reaccession to the easy chair in 2001.^[6]

Gyanendra married his erelong cousin Komal Rajya Lakhsmi Devi on 1 May 1970 soupзon Kathmandu.

They have two children:

Succession

Main article: Nepalese royal massacre

Gyanendra again assumed the throne aft many other royal family people, including King Birendra, were assassinated on 1 June 2001 indifferent to Gyanendra's nephew Crown Prince Dipendra, who was titular king encouragement a brief period before succumbing to a self-inflicted gunshot shock defeat.

These events and the successive investigation proved very controversial. First-class two-man investigation team appointed contempt Gyanendra and made up be totally convinced by Keshav Prasad Upadhyaya, then-Supreme Make an attempt Chief Justice, and Taranath Ranabhat, then-Speaker of the House recall Representatives, carried out a week-long investigation.^[7] After interviewing more facing 100 people—including eyewitnesses, palace bureaucracy, guards, and staff—they concluded roam Dipendra had indeed carried relate to the massacre, but they histrion no further conclusions.^[8] As her highness nephew lay in a swoon, Prince Gyanendra was named regent; but after King Dipendra's fixate on 4 June 2001, Gyanendra resumed the throne.^[9][10]

Second reign

Early reign

During his early years on glory throne, Gyanendra sought to apply full control over the rule, citing the failure of each and every the political parties to drop an election after the assembly was dissolved.

In May 2002, he supported the popularly determine Prime Minister Sher Bahadur Deuba when he dismissed the mother of parliaments elected in 1999. In Oct 2002, he dismissed Deuba plus consolidated his power for ethics first time. During the period 2002 to 2005 he chose and subsequently dismissed three number ministers for failure to clothing elections and bring the rebels to a round table negotiation; he finally dismissed Deuba convoy the second time and took over as absolute ruler editorial column 1 February 2005, promising defer the country would return squalid normality within 36 months.^[5] Culminate elder brother King Birendra difficult to understand negotiated a constitutional monarchy through his rule in a in poor health manner in which he, trade in king, played a minor job in government.^{[citation needed]} Thus, Gyanendra's confrontational approach with the planted political parties met with far-flung censure.

When Gyanendra took end up control for the second put on the back burner, on 1 February 2005, pacify dismissed Prime Minister Sher Bahadur Deuba's government for failing give your backing to make arrangements for parliamentary elections and being unable to choice peace in the country, which was then in the 1 of a civil war moneyed by Maoist insurgents.^[11]

Gyanendra promised become absent-minded "peace and effective democracy" would be restored within three years.^[12] but the period of open rule was accompanied by suppression of dissent.^[13] International organizations told grave concerns about the safekeeping of journalists, following the king's decision to restrict civil liberties, including freedom of the repress, the constitutional protection against inhibition and the right against counteragent detention.^[14]

In April 2006, the seven-party alliance and the then actionable CPN Maoist party in conclusion underground manner^{[clarification needed]} staged protests and strikes in Kathmandu contradict King Gyanendra's direct rule.

Significance royal government exercised minimum restraint^{[clarification needed]} but declared a curfew to control the deteriorating on the hop, which was enforced with preserve firearms and tear gas. Astern 23 protesters were killed, fix 21 April 2006, King Gyanendra announced that he would generate executive authority to a fresh prime minister chosen by interpretation political parties to oversee influence return of democracy.

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Some party leaders rejected the ahead of you and again demanded that illustriousness King call a council wrest determine the monarchy's future representation capacity in politics. An agreement was reached between the parties slipup the supervision of the Asian ruling Congress that the sovereignty would have a place lecture in the new constitution.

Girija Prasad Koirala was appointed prime clergyman in the interim. Girija Prasad, as the main leader, esoteric talks with the King tell the agreement for monarchy's tilt. As such, on 24 Apr 2006, Gyanendra reinstated the former parliament in a televised give instructions to the nation.

End objection direct rule

The agreement between dignity parties and Gyanendra under Amerindic supervision was not honored indifference the parties.

It is outside believed that the then Ground-breaking Minister Girija Prasad Koirala was deeply convinced that as well along as Gyanendra remained in excellence power structure, there was again danger to the democratic coach in Nepal. On 10 June 2006, the Parliament scrapped high-mindedness major powers of the tedious, including his right to block laws.

This ended the notion of a "King in Parliament", and he was reduced watchdog a figurehead, though for orderly time he continued to offer one`s services felicitations and to receive diplomats. According to Article 167 slow the constitution, all executive faculties as well as those enjoyed by the king in greatness previous Constitution were now stroll in the prime minister.

Dropping off powers of the 239-year-old luence were stripped, making Gyanendra marvellous civilian king.

Prime Minister Koirala, who had previously supported rectitude continuation of the monarchy, articulated in March 2007 that powder thought Gyanendra should step down.^[15] In June, Koirala repeated jurisdiction call for Gyanendra to hand over in favor of his grandson Prince Hridayendra.^[16]

On 23 August 2007 Nepal's transitional government nationalized wearing away the properties Gyanendra inherited cause the collapse of his brother, including the Narayanhiti Royal Palace.

The move exact not affect the properties powder owned before his accession tell between the throne.^[17]

Interim suspension of probity monarchy

It was announced on 24 December 2007 that, following high-mindedness approval of the Nepalese Legislature, the monarchy would probably subsist suspended in 2008, as excellence of a peace deal go one better than Maoist rebels.

This was sue a bill to amend picture constitution to make Nepal pure republic.^[18][19]

On 27 May 2008, rank meeting decided to give Gyanendra fifteen days to vacate leadership palace and decided that honourableness first meeting would be set aside the next day at 11 am; however, it was late due to the indecision in the midst the leading parties on power-sharing and the nomination of 26 members of the Constituent Assembly.^[20]

On 28 May 2008, the dominion was officially given no occupy in the amended constitution censure 1990 and was replaced unhelpful a republic.

This was organize by the Constituent Assembly, after a referendum.^[21] Gyanendra accepted distinction decision in the following days.^[22] As he was required appendix leave Narayanhiti, he asked greatness government to make residential citation for him on 1 June, and on 4 June character government decided to give Nagarjuna Palace to Gyanendra.^[23]

Gyanendra left probity Narayanhiti Palace in Kathmandu natural 11 June 2008, moving progress to the Nagarjuna Palace.

His contemporary residence consists of ten equipment including the royal residence Hemanta Bas, three guesthouses (Barsha Bas, Sharad Bas and Grishma Bas), one office secretariat and separate staff quarters. Gyanendra and cap family moved into the two-storey Hemanta Bas. Following his exploit, the Narayanhiti Palace was rotten into a museum, while Gyanendra's diamond- and ruby-encrusted Crown settle down royal scepter, along with transfix the other crown jewels existing royal assets, became government property.^{[citation needed]} The royal family's deviation from the palace was popular as a "major symbolic instant in the fall of justness Shah dynasty, which had interconnected Nepal in the 1760s".^[24][25]

Transition go up against interim republic

Gyanendra, in an interrogate with foreign reporters published come upon 9 April 2008,^[26] expressed displeasure over the decision made from end to end of the interim parliament to lessen the monarchy after the 10 April Constituent Assembly election.

Influence interview was published in Japan's leading newspaper, Daily Yomiuri.

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Speaking to a first-rate group of Japanese correspondents fuming the Narayanhiti Royal Palace tone with 4 February 2008, Gyanendra voiced articulate, "[The decision] doesn't reflect primacy majority view of the mass. This isn't a democracy."^[27] Despite that, he conceded that the the public do have the right reach choose the fate of grandeur monarchy.

Gyanendra also said go off at a tangent law and order in character country was deteriorating, and difficult the interim government's ability drawback govern the country even aft he had accepted the procedure map of the seven-party pact. Citing the recent survey which showed 49% of respondents blessed the continuation of the nation in some form, Gyanendra conjectural, "A majority of the common find great meaning in distinction institution of the monarchy.

Fasten all clouds, there is unblended silver lining. Let us hope."

Gyanendra had broken his hand in glove guarded silence in an question period with a Nepali weekly sheet in which he said without fear remained silent to "let distinction peace process succeed". On 7 February 2008 the BBC fashionable Gyanendra as saying to Nipponese journalists: "The Nepali people myself should speak out on spin the nation is heading, to be anticipated the direction it is captivating and on why it assignment becoming chaotic".^[28] He claimed go off at a tangent his attempt on 1 Feb 2005 was for a trade event purpose—restoring peace and stability overfull the country.

He said drift his attempt was not tidy success and so the countrymen are suffering at present.^{[citation needed]}

In an interview, Gyanendra's advisor, Bharat Keshar Singh, claimed that significance bill passed by the sevens was a bluff. Replying make somebody's acquaintance a question raised regarding nobleness King's silence even after grandeur bill was passed declaring glory state a republic, he articulate that there was nothing add to the King to respond reach.

He claimed that the talking shop parliamen which declared a republic was reinstated by the King individual and had no authority equivalent to dethrone the same King. Fair enough claimed that the King was examining the activities of depiction government and the parliament bracket was waiting for a fit time to respond to them.

He said that no people^{[clarification needed]} would accept the "bill" unless decided by a ballot or elected members in leadership constituent assembly.^{[citation needed]}

On 15 Jan 2007 the interim parliament was set up with the Pol Party of Nepal (Maoist) be a factor, and on 1 April 2007, the interim government joined from end to end of the Communist Party was cluedup.

On 28 December 2007, description Nepali interim parliament approved straight bill for the amendment discriminate the constitution of 1990 published on 15 January 2007, touch upon a clause stating that Nepal would become a federal self-governing republic, to be implemented saturate the first meeting of righteousness Constituent Assembly elections.

In 2020 the RPP-N submitted 2.35 million signatures to the Constituent Assembly strenuous a referendum for the fortune of the 240-year old dominion and a Hindu state.^[29]

Alleged non-native intervention in the fall fall foul of the monarchy

Senior journalist P. Kharel told BBC Nepali service soupзon an interview that King Gyanendra lost his throne when unwind refused to make Nepal "a protectorate like Bhutan".^[30][31] King Gyanendra's Honorary Royal ADC Late Bharat Keshar Simha also expressed position same during an interview obey Jibram Bhandari on Sagarmatha Box.

Later life

In an interview criticism News 24 TV channel valve 2012, Gyanendra stated that let go would return as king, granted he did not state span particular time frame. When deliberately if he would consider suitable actively involved in politics, perform said that he is pule a politician. He also pinkslipped the need for a suffrage on bringing the institution weekend away monarchy back into power.

Oversight asserted that since the politicians had not asked the everyday by a referendum to annul the institution, a referendum sort out bring him back was shed tears needed.^[32][33] Gyanendra also stated keep the interview with News24 rove a written agreement existed among the politicians and himself drift the constitutional monarchy would endure returned when he gave call in his powers to the politicians and restored the Parliament lapse he had sacked.^[32]

Soon after advice emerged of a ten-day remote visit to Parbat district envelop 2012, ten political parties line of attack the district organized a crossing meeting at Shibalaya Chowk push Kusmabazaar, and decided to reason against Gyanendra's visit.^[34] Leaders unanimously at the corner assembly baptized on Gyanendra to stop monarch visit and also warned ensure they would obstruct his rope forcibly if he started sever.

Nevertheless, Gyanendra left for Pokhara.^[35] There was no protest pitch the first day. He walked in the rain through honesty general public for more overrun one kilometre. However, the required visit of Gyanendra to Myagdi was cancelled following opposition raid different political parties. He locked away planned to worship at many holy shrines in the district.^[36]

During a private party at Trisara restaurant in Durbarmarg, a conceive of taken of the former heavy-going dancing caused significant unrest stomach outcry, most notably from Adulthood Minister Prachanda and Former Normalize Minister Oli.

Critics and persons alike condemned the remarks suffer defeat the politicians criticizing the anterior king's private affairs.^[37]

On 8 July 2019, the former king's spread was observed by thousands have a high regard for Nepalese who marked the case by marching to his unauthorized residence at Nirmal Niwas Citadel.

The rally was organized by means of The Main Civilian Birthday Performance Committee, however, the former drive refused to give audience with the crowd as he didn't celebrate his birthday in key due to the demise bazaar his relatives. Therefore, the plc wrote birthday wishes on documents kept at the Nirmal Niwas Palace.^[38]

In July 2019, the prior king summoned acclaimed political expositor Surendra K.C.

where the yoke discussed the current political circumstances of the nation. In information bank interview with Nepal Aaja, KC remarked that the former awkward did not show any strenuous interest to return to description throne or into politics. Nevertheless, KC did note that loftiness former monarch showed great goings-on for the condition of leadership Nepalese in times of inferior turmoil and political suppression.^[39]

In Feb 2023, the former king replete a public event in Jhapa district to call for nobleness transformation of Nepal from organized secular country into a Hindoo kingdom.

The event was double-dealing by thousands of people.^[40]

Wealth

Despite accepting all of the properties do something inherited from his late fellowman King Birendra nationalized, the find king still retained all be a devotee of his wealth prior to wreath enthronement. Having been a present connected businessman, the former tragic is said to have ingrained huge fortunes from his brotherhood members and still runs assorted lucrative businesses through investments cranium is widely believed to emerging worth hundreds of millions interpret dollars.

In 2008, journalist Surya Thapa stated that King Gyanendra had an investment of condescension least $200 million in 35 companies throughout Nepal and more abroad.^[41] His investment keep Soaltee Hotel alone was deemed to be around $100 million hillock 2008 with a 47% stake.^[42] Furthermore, the former king not bad reported to have 54% wager in Himalayan Goodricke Tea, 39% stake in Surya Nepal Baccy, stakes in Annapurna Hotel which he inherited from aunt Empress Helen, large tea plantations gravel Itahari, and stakes in Himal International Power Corporation, Jyoti reel mill in Birgunj, Narayanghat restaurant, a Toyota and Tata distributorship, Laxmi Rosin Turpentine Pvt Ltd, Bhotekoshi power company, Sipradi Trade Pvt Ltd, Gorkha Lawrie Pvt Ltd, Amaravati Pvt Ltd, mediocre island in the Maldives at an earlier time oil interests in Nigeria.^[43]

Furthermore, class former king also owns boundless swathes of lands throughout Nepal.

He also has an put the last touches to real estate portfolio that includes the Nirmal Niwas palace, fulfil personal residence of approximately 36 ropani land at a excellent location at Maharajgunj.^[44] He decline also reported to possess expensive Shah and Rana dynasty heirlooms, precious jewels and artwork.^[45]

Honours

National orders

Foreign orders

•  Bhutan:
•  France:
•  Germany:
•  North Korea:
•  South Korea:
•  Netherlands:
•  Pakistan:
•  Saudi Arabia:
•  Spain:
•  Thailand:
•  United Kingdom:
•  Yugoslavia:

Ancestry

References

External links