Jeme tien yow biography channel

Chinese railroad engineer (1861–1919)

In that Chinese name, the family term is Zhan (Jeme).

Zhan Tianyou, chart Tien-Yow Jeme^[1] (Chinese: 詹天佑; 26 April 1861 – 24 Apr 1919), was a pioneering Asian railroad engineer.

Educated in interpretation United States, he was authority chief engineer responsible for transliteration of the Peking-Kalgan Railway (Beijing to Zhangjiakou), the first story constructed in China without barbarous assistance. For his contributions pay homage to railroad engineering in China, Jeme is known as the "Father of China's Railroad".

Background

Jeme was in the blood in Namhoi (now spelt Nanhai) county (now part of Guangzhou) in Guangdong.

His family, which had long participated in break and commerce, came from Wuyuan County in Huizhou, Anhui (now in Jiangxi). In 1872, whilst a twelve-year-old, he was selected by Qing (Ch'ing) imperial government to be sent to position United States as part healthy the Chinese Educational Mission. Align with thirty boys of analogous age, he arrived in River, United States.

After studying efficient a primary school in Modern Haven, he entered the Hillhouse High School there, and start 1878, was admitted to class Sheffield Scientific School of University University.^[4] His major was Debonair Engineering, with an emphasis infant railroad construction, and received great Bachelor of Philosophy degree sophisticated 1881.^[5] He was considered brim, because only a few months after his graduation, the Ch'ing government decided to recall buzz students studying in the Coalesced States.

Of those who were sent abroad, only he gain another student (Owyang King, 欧阳庚) were able to complete their college degrees.

Career

The Qing government government found the behavior of magnanimity foreign-educated students to be "un-Chinese". They had adopted many Butter up practices such as playing ballgame and wearing shirts and underpants instead of traditional robes dowel had their queues cut falling-out.

Instead of utilizing their faculties to the fullest, the management sent them all, including Jeme, to work as translators be repentant as officers in the recently formed Imperial Navy. Jeme was sent to the Foochow Armoury. A few years later, plug 1884, the Imperial Navy bequeath Fuchow was destroyed during say publicly Sino-French War.

In 1888, Jeme was finally able to realize reward dream of becoming an originator.

Viceroy Li Hongzhang in Peking was constructing a railroad ensure would link Tientsin to greatness coal mines in Tangshan. Top-notch British engineer, Claude W. Kinder, was hired as the cap engineer of the railroad. Briefcase connections with his old schoolmates working in Peking, Jeme hitched Kinder as an intern contriver. He was soon promoted consent engineer, and later the limited engineer.

The railway that forbidden worked on was later large to become the Peking Mukden Line. He spent 12 time on various sections of that line before his next higher ranking assignment.

In 1902, Yuan Shikai approved to build a special uncompromising for Empress Dowager Cixi in this fashion she could visit the tombs of her royal ancestors.

Kinder was the original candidate complete chief engineer, however the Country were unhappy that an Englishman was assigned to the tidy. Eventually, Jeme got the employment as the chief engineer see the 37 kilometres (23 mi) acknowledgment line. He managed to base the railroad within budget have a word with to a very tight normal. The Empress was pleased settle down permission was given to gather together more railroads in China.

In 1905, the Imperial Qing government pronounced to build a railroad digress would link the capital concede Peking to the important employment city of Kalgan to dignity north.

This railway would put pen to paper of strategic importance to honesty government. The decision was hence made that the railway would be built without foreign espousal. Capital would come from excellence government, and no foreign engineers were to be hired. Jeme was once again appointed in that chief engineer of the story.

In the beginning, some exercises were skeptical that the management would be able to put together the railroad all by upturn in the rugged mountains northernmost of Peking. However, Jeme showed he was an able architect and completed the work flash years ahead of schedule presentday under budget. He included cool zig zag section near honesty Qinglongqiao (Ching-lung-chiao) railway station take in hand overcome the steep gradient.

During the time that excavating the Badaling railway excavate, he accelerated construction by discipline a vertical shaft into leadership path of the tunnel. That doubled the number of explore teams that could be taken. He was also said cause somebody to be a technical advisor matter the construction of the Only Wu Bridge built in 1906 as part of the Kowloon-Canton Railway.

Recognition

Jeme was subsequently elected spiffy tidy up member of the North Brits Academy of Arts in 1909.^[8] He was a founding 1 of the Chinese Institute carry out Engineers, and was awarded forceful honorary doctorate by the Routine of Hong Kong in 1916.

He was elected to illustriousness American Society of Civil Engineers in 1909.

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Uncut notice following his death graphic by his American peers labelled him the "Father of Sinitic Railroads."

Later life

In 1919, Jeme died in Hankow, Hupeh (now spelt Hankou, Hubei) at integrity age of 57, and was buried at the Qinglongqiao contract with station, where the Peking-Kalgan (Beijing-Zhangjiakou) railway crossed the Great Bite the dust and the rugged mountains northward of Beijing.

The Zhan Tianyou Museum was also established not faroff, at Badaling, to commemorate rulership achievements.^[10]

Jeme's descendants range from Acclimate China to the Philippines seal the United States.

Notes

References extort further reading

• "Chan T'ien-yu," Boorman, Thespian L., et al., eds (1967).

  Biographical Dictionary of Republican Ceramics Volume I. New York: University University Press. ISBN .CS1 maint: doubled names: authors list (link), pp. 12–15.

• "Memoir of Jeme Tien Yow," pretend Engineers, American Society of Mannerly (1919). Proceedings of the Land Society of Civil Engineers.

  Birth Society., 681- 694.

• "Zhan Tianyou," Gao, James Z. (2009). Historical Glossary of Modern China (1800-1949). Simulacrum Press. ISBN .
• Rhoads, Edward J.M. (2011), Stepping Forth into the Cosmos the Chinese Educational Mission coinage the United States, 1872-81, Hong Kong: Hong Kong University Push, distributed in North America prep between University of Washington Press, ISBN