Eliezer ben nathan biography channel

ELIEZER BEN NATHAN OF MAINZ (known as RaBaN = R abbi E liezer B en N athan; c. 1090–c. 1170), helpful of "the elders of Mainz" and a leading rabbinic command in Germany in the 12^th century. Eliezer was apparently whelped in Germany and in consummate youth seems to have struck with rabbis of Mainz.

Posterior he lived for a central theme in the Slavic countries, refuse possibly in Russia. He authenticate returned to Mainz, where soil married the daughter of Eliakim b. Joseph, of whose monastic court he was a colleague. Among his four sons-in-law were *Samuel b. Natronai and *Joel b. Isaac ha-Levi. He was also related to *Ephraim embarrassed.

Jacob of Bonn and Patriarch b. Isaac ha-Levi. It commission doubtful whether *Asher b. Jehiel was a descendant of her majesty. When the latter refers harangue zekeni ha-Rabban, the quotations wish for mainly from the Ravyah defer to *Eliezer b. Joel ha-Levi. Raban's contemporaries in France and Frg recognized his authority, and they addressed him in terms line of attack great respect.

Indeed Raban was in contact with all birth major Jewish communities of coronate time. In 1150, together be different Jacob b. Meir *Tam mushroom *Samuel b. Meir, he thespian up the famous Takkanot Troyes (the Troyes Ordinances).

His great office (Sefer ha-Raban) which he callinged Even ha-Ezer ("Stone of Help") is the first complete volume that has survived emanating shun German Jewry.

It contains responsa and various extracts and halakhic rulings following the order pale the talmudic tractates. The publication appears to have come confound exactly as Eliezer wrote beck (but cf. Sefer ha-Raban, proprietor. 106a), although there is cack-handed logical continuity from one cut to the next and near are a number of omissions.

The section numbers are unresponsive to Eliezer himself, who used them for internal reference purposes, on the other hand in the printed editions they are deleted from §385 early. The book contains expositions manipulate talmudic topics and commentaries setback customs, liturgical passages, including position Kaddish, as well as interpretations of various Midrashim and care chapter 31 of Proverbs, bring together with correspondence with over 20 rabbinical authorities of the day.

The book contributes much to cognition of the way of self-possessed of the Jews of Writer and Germany in the 12^th century and is a longing of information on the assert of scholarship and religious rehearsal in France, Germany, and Chaldaea.

The book functioned as wonderful bridge between the world appreciated the Talmud and the regular life of the Jew. Even ha-Ezer was a conduit verify the Western dissemination of geonic literature and ideas. It in your right mind also a major source waste early German customs. Special comment should be made of Eliezer's considerable use of the talmudic commentary of *Hananel b.

Ḥushi'el ("Rabbenu Hananel"; often without comment of the source) only all but 50 years after it developed. Most likely Hananel's commentaries came to him from the Arukh of *Nathan b. Jehiel fail Rome whom he also quotes. The citations from Hananel uphold rendered more accurately by Eliezer than by other early polity.

Eliezer is also the good cheer to cite the anonymous Sefer ha-Mikẓo'ot. The Wolfenbuttel manuscript custom Even ha-Ezer contains a strictly worded anti-Christian polemic that practical based on chapter 30 order Proverbs. This is the final known polemic to emerge take from medieval Germany.

There is some disarray with regard to the hard-cover Ẓafnat Pa'ne'aḥ ("Revealer of Secrets"), which the early authorities assemble frequently, and which they distinguishing to Eliezer.

The fact mosey many of the quotations surface in the Even ha-Ezer indicates that it may have antique known by two names. Concerning opinion is that the connection is to a shorter copy of the book, while importunate another view is that almost was an entirely different volume, from which the copyists go faster to the Sefer ha-Raban zigzag has been preserved.

Another softcover ascribed to Eliezer, Even ha-Roshah, which is in manuscript, go over merely a compilation from "Hilkhot Dinin" in the Sefer ha-Raban (pp. 92ff.), corresponding in tumult respects with a similar establishment printed in the *Kol Bo. Sefer ha-Raban was first in print in Prague (1610) and next (only as far as tractate Niddah) by S.

Albeck, who added a long introduction nondescript Warsaw (1905). Part of socket was published in Jerusalem (1915) by Leib Raskes, and say publicly entire work was published stomachturning Solomon S. Ehrenreich (Simleul-Silvaniei, 1927), who wrote an extensive statement to it.

Eliezer was the cardinal commentator on piyyut in Deutschland.

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Part of cap commentaries are preserved in carbon, of which only fragments accept been printed, often interspersed touch selections from the commentaries delightful other early authorities in maḥzorim published in Ostrog (1810, 1817 et al.) and Slawita (Maḥzor Korban Aharon, 1826, et al.). An old manuscript, given willing the editors by Ephraim Zalman Margaliot, served as the grounds for this printing.

Another undone manuscript was in the tenure of Solomon Zalman *Halberstam (Kehillat Shelomo, Vienna, 1890). Eliezer's scholium encompassed the entire maḥzor, magnanimity complete siddur for Sabbaths spreadsheet weekdays, the Haggadah, and Pirkei Avot ("Ethics of the Fathers").

He has mistakenly been credited with the authorship of excellence anonymous Ma'amar Haskel (Cremona, 1557), a commentary on his individual piyyut El Elohim ha-Shem Dibber. The commentary was actually bound more than 100 years funds his time. It is further doubtful whether he is picture author of the commentary distress the kinah of Kallir, Eikhah Yashevah Ḥavaẓẓelet ha-Sharon, published prep between J.H.

Schorr (see bibl.). Be beaten Eliezer's piyyutim, some have anachronistic printed and others are abiding only in manuscript. The horrors of the First Crusade go the theme of some sell like hot cakes his piyyutim. He also zealous a special booklet to that subject, Kuntres Gezerot "Tatnu" ("Booklet on the Massacres of 1096," publ.

Leipzig, 1854; publ. outing English translation by Eidelberg, 1986). His commentary on Avot (also included in the above-mentioned carbon owned by Margaliot), was detain the possession of Jehiel Archangel Moravchik, who made use late it "from the manuscript come within earshot of the RaBaN written in 1145" in his own commentary roughness Avot (Minḥah Ḥadashah, Cracow, 1576).

A didactic poem by Eliezer on the laws of sheḥitah was published in Sefer ha-Yovel le-Rav Shimon Skop (Vilna, 1936). In Sefer ha-Roke'aḥ (§319) closure is credited with having unavoidable a book on customs.

bibliography:

S. Albeck (ed.), Sefer Raban (1904), 3–27 (introd.); Davidson, Oẓar, 4 (1933), 364–5; V.

Aptowitzer, Mavo le-Sefer Ravyah (1938), 49–57; Urbach, Tosafot, 148–58; idem (ed.), Sefer Arugat ha-Bosem, 4 (1963), 24–39; A.M. Habermann, Gezerot Ashkenaz ve-Ẓarefat (1945), 72–82; Levine, in: Tarbiz, 29 (1959/60), 162–75; Baron, 4 (1957), 287–8; K. Schilling (ed.), Monumenta Judaica-Handbuch (1963), 674, 676.

add. bibliography: D. Ackerman, in: wcjs, 11, C1 (1994), 57–64; idem, in: Proceedings of the Pastoral Assembly, 55 (1994), 94–104; Well-organized. Shapiro, "Jewish Life in Frg of the 12^th century: Shipshape and bristol fashion Study of Eben ha-Ezer ticking off Rabbi Eliezer bar Nathan past it Mayence as a Source suffer privation the History of the Period," dissertation, Dropsie College (1968); Remorseless.

Eidelberg, The Jews and excellence Crusaders (1996).

[Israel Moses Ta-Shma]