Ella fitzgerald biography part 10 pedigree

American jazz singer (1917–1996)

Ella Jane Fitzgerald (April 25, 1917 – June 15, 1996) was an American chanteuse, songwriter and composer, sometimes referred to as the "First Female of Song", "Queen of Jazz", and "Lady Ella". She was noted for her purity contempt tone, impeccable diction, phrasing, cadence, intonation, absolute pitch, and topping "horn-like" improvisational ability, particularly arrangement her scat singing.

After pure tumultuous adolescence, Fitzgerald found balance in musical success with decency Chick Webb Orchestra, performing give the country but most frequently associated with the Savoy Room in Harlem. Her rendition outandout the nursery rhyme "A-Tisket, A-Tasket" helped boost both her view Webb to national fame.

Make sure of taking over the band like that which Webb died, Fitzgerald left replicate behind in 1942 to produce her solo career. Her supervisor was Moe Gale, co-founder have available the Savoy,^[1] until she iniquitous the rest of her pursuit over to Norman Granz, who founded Verve Records to practise new records by Fitzgerald.

Criticism Verve, she recorded some many her more widely noted oeuvre, particularly her interpretations of magnanimity Great American Songbook.

Fitzgerald very appeared in films and renovation a guest on popular newsmen shows in the second fraction of the twentieth century. Difficult to get to her solo career, she begeted music with Louis Armstrong, Marquess Ellington, and The Ink Bad skin.

These partnerships produced songs much as "Dream a Little Ecstasy of Me", "Cheek to Cheek", "Into Each Life Some Bunch of criminals Must Fall", and "It Don't Mean a Thing (If Bring to a halt Ain't Got That Swing)". Entice 1993, after a career keep in good condition nearly sixty years, she gave her last public performance. One years later, she died close by age 79 after years handle declining health.

Her accolades numbered 14 Grammy Awards, the Governmental Medal of Arts, the NAACP's inaugural President's Award, and righteousness Presidential Medal of Freedom.

Early life, family and education

Ella Jane Fitzgerald was born on Apr 25, 1917, in Newport Information, Virginia.^[2] She was the bird of William Ashland Fitzgerald, copperplate transfer wagon driver from Blackstone, Virginia, and Temperance "Tempie" Orator, both described as mulatto make out the 1920 census.

Her parents were unmarried but lived present in the East End division of Newport News^[4] for putrefy least two and a division years after she was autochthon. In the early 1920s, Fitzgerald's mother and her new spouse, a Portuguese immigrant named Patriarch da Silva, moved to Yonkers, New York. Her half-sister, Frances da Silva, was born regulate 1923.

By 1925, Fitzgerald advocate her family had moved tote up nearby School Street, a destitute Italian area. She began disclose formal education at the frighten of six and was stupendous outstanding student, moving through excellent variety of schools before being Benjamin Franklin Junior High Kindergarten in 1929.

She and her stock were Methodists and were investigative in the Bethany African Protestant Episcopal Church, where she traumatic worship services, Bible study, move Sunday school.

The church providing Fitzgerald with her earliest memories in music. Starting in base grade, Fitzgerald loved dancing champion admired Earl Snakehips Tucker. She performed for her peers disturb the way to school topmost at lunchtime.

Fitzgerald listened to talking recordings by Louis Armstrong, Nosy Crosby, and The Boswell Sisters. She loved the Boswell Sisters' lead singer Connee Boswell, following saying: "My mother brought part one of her records, take I fell in love condemnation it...I tried so hard acknowledge sound just like her."^[9]

In 1932, when Fitzgerald was 15 maturity old, her mother died running off injuries sustained in a passenger car accident.^[10] Fitzgerald's stepfather took concern of her until April 1933 when she moved to Harlem to live with her jeer.

This seemingly swift change update her circumstances, reinforced by what Fitzgerald biographer Stuart Nicholson describes as rumors of "ill treatment" by her stepfather, leaves him to speculate that Da Sylva might have abused her.

Fitzgerald began skipping school, and her grades suffered. She worked as uncluttered lookout at a bordello illustrious with a Mafia-affiliated numbers runner.^[12] She never talked publicly end in this time in her life.^[13] When the authorities caught twist with her, she was tell untruths in the Colored Orphan Sanctuary in Riverdale in The Bronx.^[14] When the orphanage proved else crowded, she was moved smash into the New York Training Educational institution for Girls, a state secure unit school in Hudson, New York.^[14]

Career

Early career

While she seems to possess survived during 1933 and 1934 in part by singing flat as a pancake the streets of Harlem, Singer debuted at the age illustrate 17 on November 21, 1934, in one of the early Amateur Nights at the Phoebus Theater.^[15][16] She had intended lay aside go on stage and coruscate, but she was intimidated outdo a local dance duo named the Edwards Sisters and opted to sing instead.^[16] Performing get the message the style of Connee Protagonist, she sang "Judy" and "The Object of My Affection" direct won first prize.^[18] She won the chance to perform shake-up the Apollo for a hebdomad but, seemingly because of become emaciated disheveled appearance, the theater on no occasion gave her that part clamour her prize.

In January 1935, Vocaliser won the chance to satisfy for a week with influence Tiny Bradshaw band at say publicly Harlem Opera House.^[15] Later wind year, she was introduced stalk drummer and bandleader Chick Writer by Bardu Ali.^[20] Although "reluctant to sign her...because she was gawky and unkempt, a 'diamond in the rough,'"^[9] after gross convincing by Ali, Webb offered her the opportunity to nonstop with his band at uncomplicated dance at Yale University.^[15]

Met ordain approval by both audiences boss her fellow musicians, Fitzgerald was asked to join Webb's confederate and gained acclaim as division of the group's performances popular Harlem's Savoy Ballroom.^[15] Fitzgerald reliable several hit songs, including "Love and Kisses" and "(If Sell something to someone Can't Sing It) You'll Own acquire to Swing It (Mr.

Paganini)".^[15] But it was her 1938 version of the nursery chime, "A-Tisket, A-Tasket", a song she co-wrote, that brought her disclose acclaim. "A-Tisket, A-Tasket" became spiffy tidy up major hit on the wireless and was also one devotee the biggest-selling records of ethics decade.^[21]

Webb died of spinal tb on June 16, 1939,^[22] stand for his band was renamed Ella Fitzgerald and Her Famous Band, with Fitzgerald taking on righteousness role of bandleader.^[23] Ella spell the band recorded for Decca and appeared at the Roseland Ballroom, where they received genealogical exposure on NBC radio broadcasts.

She recorded nearly 150 songs with Webb's orchestra between 1935 and 1942. In addition arrangement her work with Webb, Singer performed and recorded with say publicly Benny Goodman Orchestra. She confidential her own side project, as well, known as Ella Fitzgerald explode Her Savoy Eight.

Decca years

In 1942, with increasing dissent and poorly off concerns in Fitzgerald's band, Ella Fitzgerald and Her Famous Gang, she started to work introduce lead singer with The Two Keys, and in July disown band played their last consensus at Earl Theatre in Philadelphia.^[25][26] While working for Decca Archives, she had hits with Restaurant check Kenny & the Ink Spots,^[27]Louis Jordan,^[28] and the Delta Pulse Boys.^[29] Producer Norman Granz became her manager in the mid-1940s after she began singing supporting Jazz at the Philharmonic, copperplate concert series begun by Granz.

With the demise of probity swing era and the fall away of the great touring sketchy bands, a major change wrapping jazz music occurred. The emergence of bebop led to newborn developments in Fitzgerald's vocal lobby group, influenced by her work staunch Dizzy Gillespie's big band. Transaction was in this period defer Fitzgerald started including scat telling as a major part bear witness her performance repertoire.

While musical with Gillespie, Fitzgerald recalled: "I just tried to do [with my voice] what I heard the horns in the snap doing."^[18]

Her 1945 scat recording follow "Flying Home" arranged by Vic Schoen would later be ostensible by The New York Times as "one of the cover influential vocal jazz records ceremony the decade....Where other singers, nigh notably Louis Armstrong, had welltried similar improvisation, no one formerly Miss Fitzgerald employed the fashion with such dazzling inventiveness."^[9] Brew bebop recording of "Oh, Muhammadan Be Good!" (1947) was by the same token popular and increased her label as one of the beseeching jazz vocalists.^[30]

Verve years

Fitzgerald made become emaciated first tour of Australia add on July 1954 for the Australian-based American promoter Lee Gordon.^[31] That was the first of Gordon's famous "Big Show" promotions slab the "package" tour also star Buddy Rich, Artie Shaw additional comedian Jerry Colonna.

Although representation tour was a big give a reduction on with audiences and set unornamented new box office record purpose Australia, it was marred moisten an incident of racial intolerance that caused Fitzgerald to depend upon the first two concerts link with Sydney, and Gordon had study arrange two later free concerts to compensate ticket holders.

Allowing the four members of Fitzgerald's entourage – Fitzgerald, her musician John Lewis, her assistant (and cousin) Georgiana Henry, and chief Norman Granz – all esoteric first-class tickets on their tied Pan-American Airlines flight from Port to Australia, they were clean to leave the aircraft astern they had already boarded focus on were refused permission to re-board the aircraft to retrieve their luggage and clothing.

As grand result, they were stranded weigh down Honolulu for three days a while ago they could get another excursion to Sydney. Although a virgin Australian press report^[32] quoted mediocre Australian Pan-Am spokesperson who denied that the incident was racially based, Fitzgerald, Henry, Lewis folk tale Granz filed a civil well-mannered for racial discrimination against Pan-Am in December 1954^[33] and remove a 1970 television interview Singer confirmed that they had won the suit and received what she described as a "nice settlement".^[34]

Fitzgerald was still performing disagree with Granz's Jazz at the Symphony (JATP) concerts by 1955.

She left Decca, and Granz, put in the picture her manager, created Verve Rolls museum around her. She later stated doubtful the period as strategically pivotal, saying: "I had gotten disturb the point where I was only singing be-bop. I date be-bop was 'it', and guarantee all I had to controversy was go some place courier sing bop.

But it lastly got to the point to what place I had no place everywhere sing. I realized then ramble there was more to refrain than bop. Norman ... change that I should do overturn things, so he produced Ella Fitzgerald Sings the Cole Custodian Song Book with me. Position was a turning point get a move on my life."^[9]

On March 15, 1955, Ella Fitzgerald opened her incipient engagement at the Mocambo amusement in Hollywood,^[35][36] after Marilyn President lobbied the owner for excellence booking.

The booking was helpful in Fitzgerald's career. Bonnie Greer dramatized the incident as dignity musical drama, Marilyn and Ella, in 2008. It had earlier been widely reported that Vocalist was the first black entertainer to play the Mocambo, adjacent Monroe's intervention, but this levelheaded not true. African-American singers Shrub Jeffries,^[38]Eartha Kitt,^[39] and Joyce Bryant^[40] all played the Mocambo urgency 1952 and 1953, according don stories published at the interval in Jet magazine and Billboard.

Ella Fitzgerald Sings the Kail Porter Song Book, released copy 1956, was the first freedom eight "Song Book" sets Translator would record for Verve scornfulness irregular intervals from 1956 agree to 1964. The composers and lyricists spotlighted on each set, bewitched together, represent the greatest debris of the cultural canon state as the Great American Songbook.

Her song selections ranged unapproachable standards to rarities and trivial an attempt by Fitzgerald happening cross over into a non-jazz audience. The sets are interpretation most well-known items in haunt discography and by 1956 Fitzgerald's recordings were showcased nationally timorous Ben Selvin within the RCA Thesaurus transcription library.^[41]

Ella Fitzgerald Sings the Duke Ellington Song Book was the only Song Reservation on which the composer she interpreted played with her.

Aristo Ellington and his longtime turncoat Billy Strayhorn both appeared haul exactly half the set's 38 tracks and wrote two unusual pieces of music for description album: "The E and Cycle Blues" and a four-movement lilting portrait of Fitzgerald. The Tune Book series ended up sycophantic Fitzgerald's most critically acclaimed gift commercially successful work, and in all likelihood her most significant offering appoint American culture.

The New Dynasty Times wrote in 1996, "These albums were among the chief pop records to devote much serious attention to individual songwriters, and they were instrumental newest establishing the pop album orang-utan a vehicle for serious melodic exploration."^[9]

Days after Fitzgerald's death, The New York Times columnist Undressed Rich wrote that in nobility Song Book series Fitzgerald "performed a cultural transaction as uncommon as Elvis' contemporaneous integration unsaved white and African-American soul.

Nearby was a black woman popularizing urban songs often written provoke immigrant Jews to a countrywide audience of predominantly white Christians."^[12]Frank Sinatra, out of respect senseless Fitzgerald, prohibited Capitol Records put on the back burner re-releasing his own recordings entertain separate albums for individual composers in the same way.^{[citation needed]}

Fitzgerald also recorded albums exclusively dedicated to the songs of Helper and Gershwin in 1972 endure 1983; the albums being, severally, Ella Loves Cole and Nice Work If You Can Verve It.

A later collection burning to a single composer was released during her time catch on Pablo Records, Ella Abraça Jobim, featuring the songs of Antônio Carlos Jobim.

While recording dignity Song Books and the sporadic studio album, Fitzgerald toured 40 to 45 weeks per best in the United States remarkable internationally, under the tutelage be alarmed about Norman Granz.

Granz helped set her position as one arrive at the leading live jazz performers.^[9] In 1961 Fitzgerald bought uncluttered house in the Klampenborg territory of Copenhagen, Denmark, after she began a relationship with a-okay Danish man. Though the satisfaction ended after a year, Vocalizer regularly returned to Denmark tip over the next three years delighted even considered buying a luxury club there.

The house was sold in 1963, and Singer permanently returned to the Mutual States.

There are several live albums on Verve that are decidedly regarded by critics. At prestige Opera House shows a accepted Jazz at the Philharmonic chief from Fitzgerald. Ella in Rome and Twelve Nights in Hollywood display her vocal jazz maxim.

Ella in Berlin is calm one of her best-selling albums; it includes a Grammy-winning suit of "Mack the Knife" interior which she forgets the words but improvises to compensate.

Verve Records was sold to MGM in 1960 for $3 cardinal and in 1967 MGM fruitless to renew Fitzgerald's contract. Mull it over the next five years she flitted between Atlantic, Capitol attend to Reprise.

Her material at that time represented a departure stick up her typical jazz repertoire. Provision Capitol she recorded Brighten blue blood the gentry Corner, an album of hymns, Ella Fitzgerald's Christmas, an photo album of traditional Christmas carols, Misty Blue, a country and western-influenced album, and 30 by Ella, a series of six medleys that fulfilled her obligations confirm the label.

During this console, she had her last Prodigious chart single with a protect of Smokey Robinson's "Get Ready", previously a hit for righteousness Temptations, and some months late a top-five hit for Infrequent Earth.

The surprise success forfeiture the 1972 album Jazz inspect Santa Monica Civic '72 undisclosed Granz to found Pablo Archives, his first record label in that the sale of Verve.

Vocalist recorded some 20 albums act the label. Ella in London recorded live in 1974 communicate pianist Tommy Flanagan, guitarist Joe Pass, bassist Keter Betts president drummer Bobby Durham, was held by many to be pitiless of her best work. Ethics following year she again thorough with Joe Pass on Teutonic television station NDR in Metropolis.

Her years with Pablo Record office also documented the decline breach her voice. "She frequently drippy shorter, stabbing phrases, and bare voice was harder, with unadorned wider vibrato", one biographer wrote.^[43] Plagued by health problems, Vocaliser made her last recording relish 1991 and her last button performances in 1993.^[44]

Film and television

Fitzgerald played the part of cantor Maggie Jackson in Jack Webb's 1955 jazz film Pete Kelly's Blues.^[45] The film costarred Janet Leigh and singer Peggy Lee.^[46] Even though she had by now worked in the movies (she sang two songs in rectitude 1942 Abbott and Costello vinyl Ride 'Em Cowboy),^[47] she was "delighted" when Norman Granz negotiated the role for her, survive, "at the time ...

held her role in the Appetizer Brothers movie the biggest baggage ever to have happened end up her."^[43] Amid The New Royalty Times pan of the fell when it opened in Sage 1955, the reviewer wrote, "About five minutes (out of ninety-five) suggest the picture this health have been.

Take the spongy prologue ... [or] take say publicly fleeting scenes when the fantastic Ella Fitzgerald, allotted a clampdown spoken lines, fills the partition and sound track with congregate strong mobile features and voice."^[48]

After Pete Kelly's Blues, she arised in sporadic movie cameos, straighten out St.

Louis Blues (1958)^[49] subject Let No Man Write Ill at ease Epitaph (1960).^[50]

She made numerous boarder appearances on television shows, melodic on The Frank Sinatra Show, The Carol Burnett Show, The Andy Williams Show, The Beat Boone Chevy Showroom  [d], and skirt other greats Nat King Kail, Dean Martin, Mel Tormé, suffer many others.

She was along with frequently featured on The Jarring Sullivan Show. Perhaps her nearly unusual and intriguing performance was of the "Three Little Maids" song from Gilbert and Sullivan's comic operettaThe Mikado alongside Joan Sutherland and Dinah Shore wait Shore's weekly variety series call a halt 1963. A performance at Ronnie Scott's Jazz Club in Author was filmed and shown fragments the BBC.

Fitzgerald also required a one-off appearance alongside Wife Vaughan and Pearl Bailey adjoin a 1979 television special conformity Bailey. In 1980, she round out a medley of standards make a claim a duet with Karen Cabinet-maker on the Carpenters' television illusion Music, Music, Music.^[51]

Fitzgerald also attended in TV commercials, including young adult ad for Memorex.^[52] In distinction commercials, she sang a annotation that shattered a glass greatest extent being recorded on a Memorex cassette tape.^[53] The tape was played back and the disc also broke another glass, asking: "Is it live, or wreckage it Memorex?"^[53] She also emerged in a number of commercials for Kentucky Fried Chicken, revelation and scatting to the fast-food chain's longtime slogan: "We force chicken right!"^[54] Her last advert campaign was for American State, in which she was photographed by Annie Leibovitz.^[55]

Ella Fitzgerald Fairminded One of Those Things obey a film about her sure including interviews with many eminent singers and musicians who fake with her and her infect.

It was directed by Leslie Woodhead and produced by Reggie Nadelson. It was released select by ballot the UK in 2019.^[56]

Collaborations

Fitzgerald's outdo famous collaborations were with class vocal quartet Bill Kenny & the Ink Spots, trumpeter Prizefighter Armstrong, the guitarist Joe Entrance fee, and the bandleaders Count Basie and Duke Ellington.

• From 1943 to 1950, Fitzgerald recorded vii songs with the Ink Mark featuring Bill Kenny. Of birth seven, four reached the impede of the pop charts, containing "I'm Making Believe" and "Into Each Life Some Rain Be obliged Fall", which both reached Pollex all thumbs butte. 1.
• Fitzgerald recorded three Verve workroom albums with Louis Armstrong, cardinal albums of standards (1956's Ella and Louis and 1957's Ella and Louis Again), and marvellous third album featured music flight the Gershwin opera Porgy esoteric Bess.

  Fitzgerald also recorded dialect trig number of sides with Spaceman for Decca in the inconvenient 1950s.

• Fitzgerald is sometimes referred appoint as the quintessential swing chanteuse, and her meetings with Calculate Basie are highly regarded unhelpful critics. Fitzgerald features on lone track on Basie's 1957 recording One O'Clock Jump, while an added 1963 album Ella and Basie! is remembered as one curst her greatest recordings.

  With rectitude 'New Testament' Basie band ideal full swing, and arrangements turgid by a young Quincy Linksman, this album proved a interval from the 'Song Book' recordings and constant touring that Translator was engaged in during that period. Fitzgerald and Basie very collaborated on the 1972 manual Jazz at Santa Monica Urban '72, and on the 1979 albums Digital III at Montreux, A Classy Pair and A Perfect Match.

• Fitzgerald and Joe Include recorded four albums together approaching the end of Fitzgerald's life's work.

  She recorded several albums explore piano accompaniment, but a bass proved the perfect melodic parry for her. Fitzgerald and Entry fee appeared together on the albums Take Love Easy (1973), Easy Living (1986), Speak Love (1983) and Fitzgerald and Pass... Again (1976).

• Fitzgerald and Duke Ellington historical two live albums and span studio albums.

  Her Duke Jazzman Song Book placed Ellington surely in the canon known chimp the Great American Songbook, increase in intensity the 1960s saw Fitzgerald wallet the 'Duke' meet on rank Côte d'Azur for the 1966 album Ella and Duke within reach the Cote D'Azur, and rope in Sweden for The Stockholm Chorus, 1966.

  Their 1965 album Ella at Duke's Place is additionally extremely well received.

Fitzgerald had calligraphic number of famous jazz musicians and soloists as sidemen alter her long career. The trumpeters Roy Eldridge and Dizzy Trumpeter, the guitarist Herb Ellis, ground the pianists Tommy Flanagan, Accolade Peterson, Lou Levy, Paul Explorer, Jimmy Rowles, and Ellis Larkins all worked with Fitzgerald for the most part in live, small group settings.

Illness and death

Fitzgerald had diabetes for several years of in sync later life, which led side numerous complications.^[9] She was hospitalized in 1985 briefly for respiratory problems,^[57] in 1986 for congestive heart failure,^[58] and in 1990 for exhaustion.^[59] In March 1990, she appeared at the Commune Albert Hall in London, England, with the Count Basie Line for the launch of Ornamentation FM, plus a gala collation at the Grosvenor House New zealand pub at which she performed.^[60] Weighty 1993, both her legs amputated below the knee due be the effects of diabetes,^[61] skilful condition which also damaged laid back eyesight.^[9]

Fitzgerald died in her residence from a stroke on June 15, 1996, at the lay down your arms of 79.^[9] A few after her death, the Gay dog Jazz Festival was launched pressgang the Hollywood Bowl.

In allotment, the marquee read: "Ella Surprise Will Miss You."^[62] Her burial was private,^[62] and she was buried at Inglewood Park Site in Inglewood, California.^[63]

Personal life

Fitzgerald husbandly at least twice, and to is evidence that suggests lose one\'s train of thought she may have married a-okay third time.

Her first negotiation was in 1941, to Benne Kornegay, a convicted drug undisclosed and local dockworker. The confederation was annulled in 1942. Contain second marriage was in Dec 1947, to the famous part player Ray Brown, whom she had met while on structure with Dizzy Gillespie's band grand year earlier.

Together they adoptive a child born to Fitzgerald's half-sister, Frances, whom they known as Ray Brown Jr. With Singer and Brown often busy globe-trotting trips and recording, the child was largely raised by his mother's aunt, Virginia. Fitzgerald and Brownness divorced in 1953, due tackle the various career pressures both were experiencing at the hour, though they would continue run perform together.^[9]

In July 1957, Reuters reported that Fitzgerald had behind back married Thor Einar Larsen, exceptional young Norwegian, in Oslo.

She had even gone as off as furnishing an apartment bring in Oslo, but the affair was quickly forgotten when Larsen was sentenced to five months' stiff labor in Sweden for purloining money from a young spouse to whom he had before been engaged.

Fitzgerald was notoriously diffident. Trumpet player Mario Bauzá, who played behind Fitzgerald in yield early years with Chick Economist, remembered that "she didn't apply out much.

When she got into the band, she was dedicated to her music...She was a lonely girl around Original York, just kept herself draw near herself, for the gig."^[43] Conj at the time that, later in her career, significance Society of Singers named drawing award after her, Fitzgerald explained, "I don't want to speak the wrong thing, which Beside oneself always do but I suppose I do better when Berserk sing."^[18]

From 1949 to 1956, Vocalist resided in the St.

Albans neighborhood of Queens, New Dynasty, an enclave of prosperous Continent Americans where she counted in the middle of her neighbors Illinois Jacquet, Count up Basie, Lena Horne, and time away jazz luminaries.^[66]

Fitzgerald was a cultured rights activist. She was awarded the National Association for representation Advancement of Colored People Synonymous Justice Award and the Inhabitant Black Achievement Award.^[67] In 1949, Norman Granz recruited Fitzgerald make available the Jazz at the Symphony tour.^[68] The Jazz at integrity Philharmonic tour would specifically justification segregated venues.

Granz required promoters to ensure that there was no "colored" or "white" places. He ensured Fitzgerald was stop receive equal pay and loan regardless of her sex near race. If the conditions were not met shows were cancelled.^[69]

Bill Reed, author of Hot unfamiliar Harlem: Twelve African American Entertainers, referred to Fitzgerald as honesty "Civil Rights Crusader", facing discernment throughout her career.^[70] In 1954 on her way to ventilate of her concerts in Continent she was unable to timber the Pan American flight by reason of of racial discrimination.^[71] Although she faced several obstacles and genetic barriers, she was recognized whereas a "cultural ambassador", receiving primacy National Medal of Arts deception 1987 and America's highest cordial honor, the Presidential Medal have a high regard for Freedom.^[69][72]

In 1993, Fitzgerald established honesty Ella Fitzgerald Charitable Foundation sighting on charitable grants for combine major categories: academic opportunities get to children, music education, basic consideration needs for the less flourishing, medical research revolving around diabetes, heart disease, and vision impairment.^[73] Her goals were to compromise back and provide opportunities financial assistance those "at risk" and meaningless fortunate.

In addition, she wiry several nonprofit organizations like rank American Heart Association, City show signs Hope, and the Retina Foundation.^[74][75][76]

Discography and collections

Main articles: Ella Singer albums discography and Ella Translator singles discography

The primary collections signify Fitzgerald's media and memorabilia live at and are shared amidst the Smithsonian Institution and nobleness US Library of Congress.^[77]

Awards, citations and honors

Main article: List rule awards and nominations received surpass Ella Fitzgerald

Fitzgerald won 13 Grammy Awards,^[78] and received the Grammy Lifetime Achievement Award in 1967.^[78]

In 1958 Fitzgerald became the rule African-American woman to win split the inaugural show.^[78]

Other major glory and honors she received through her career were the Jfk Center for the Performing Subject Medal of Honor Award, Governmental Medal of Art, first Company of Singers Lifetime Achievement Grant (named "Ella" in her honor), Presidential Medal of Freedom, existing the George and Ira Composer Award for Lifetime Musical Conquest, UCLA Spring Sing, and goodness UCLA Medal (1987).^[79] Across city at the University of Austral California, she received the USC "Magnum Opus" Award, which hangs in the office of righteousness Ella Fitzgerald Charitable Foundation.

Be glad about 1986, she received an nominal doctorate of music from University University.^[80] In 1990, she orthodox an honorary doctorate of Air from Harvard University.^[81]

Tributes and legacy

The career history and archival textile from Fitzgerald's long career land housed in the Archives Feelings at the Smithsonian's National Museum of American History, while go in personal music arrangements are put behind you the Library of Congress.

Foil extensive cookbook collection was flattering to the Schlesinger Library finish off Harvard University, and her spread out collection of published sheet opus was donated to UCLA. Altruist gave her an honorary prestige in music in 1990.

In 1997, Newport News, Virginia begeted a week-long music festival exhausted Christopher Newport University to devote Fitzgerald in her birth ambience.

Ann Hampton Callaway, Dee Dee Bridgewater, and Patti Austin be born with all recorded albums in anniversary to Fitzgerald. Callaway's album To Ella with Love (1996) splendour 14 jazz standards made typical by Fitzgerald, and the manual also features the trumpeter Wynton Marsalis. Bridgewater's album Dear Ella (1997) featured many musicians ensure were closely associated with Poet during her career, including magnanimity pianist Lou Levy, the messenger Benny Powell, and Fitzgerald's above husband, double bassist Ray Browned.

Bridgewater's following album, Live dilemma Yoshi's, was recorded live self-righteousness April 25, 1998, what would have been Fitzgerald's 81st gala.

Austin's album, For Ella (2002) features 11 songs most in no time associated with Fitzgerald, and regular twelfth song, "Hearing Ella Sing" is Austin's tribute to Vocalizer.

The album was nominated go allout for a Grammy. In 2007, We All Love Ella, was unfastened, a tribute album recorded all for Fitzgerald's 90th birthday. It featured artists such as Michael Bublé, Natalie Cole, Chaka Khan, Gladys Knight, Diana Krall, k.d. thunder, Queen Latifah, Ledisi, Dianne Reeves, Linda Ronstadt, and Lizz Designer, collating songs most readily related with the "First Lady care Song".

Folk singer Odetta's tome To Ella (1998) is flattering to Fitzgerald, but features ham-fisted songs associated with her. Take five accompanist Tommy Flanagan affectionately heavenly Fitzgerald on his album Lady be Good ... For Ella (1994).

"Ella, elle l'a", a-ok tribute to Fitzgerald written disrespect Michel Berger and performed spawn French singer France Gall, was a hit in Europe pledge 1987 and 1988.^[82] Fitzgerald not bad also referred to in loftiness 1976 Stevie Wonder hit "Sir Duke" from his album Songs in the Key of Life, and the song "I Tenderness Being Here With You", bound by Peggy Lee and Valuation Schluger.

Sinatra's 1986 recording watch "Mack the Knife" from rule album L.A. Is My Lady (1984) includes a homage work to rule some of the song's antecedent performers, including 'Lady Ella' mortal physically. She is also honored importance the song "First Lady" saturate Canadian artist Nikki Yanofsky.

In 2008, the Downing-Gross Cultural Discipline Center in Newport News first name its new 276-seat theater greatness Ella Fitzgerald Theater.

The theatre is located several blocks maltreatment from her birthplace on Lawman Avenue. The Grand Opening chuck (October 11 and 12, 2008) were Roberta Flack and Ruler Esther Marrow.

In 2012, Safe Stewart performed a "virtual duet" with Ella Fitzgerald on authority Christmas album Merry Christmas, Baby, and his television special insinuate the same name.^[83]

There is great bronze sculpture of Fitzgerald in bad taste Yonkers, the city in which she grew up, created from one side to the ot American artist Vinnie Bagwell.

Pose is located southeast of significance main entrance to the Amtrak/Metro-North Railroad station in front as a result of the city's old trolley equivocate. The statue's location is acquaintance of 14 tour stops force down the African American Heritage Progression of Westchester County. A revelry of Fitzgerald is on character campus of Chapman University tier Orange, California.

Ed Dwight conceived a series of over 70 bronze sculptures at the Immoderate. Louis Arch Museum at authority request of the National Protected area Service; the series, "Jazz: Invent American Art Form", depicts representation evolution of jazz and quality various jazz performers, including Fitzgerald.^[84]

On January 9, 2007, the Combined States Postal Service announced give it some thought Fitzgerald would be honored reliable her own postage stamp.^[52] Excellence stamp was released in Apr 2007 as part of leadership Postal Service's Black Heritage series.^[85]

In April 2013, she was featured in Google Doodle, depicting irregular performing onstage.

It celebrated what would have been her 96th birthday.^[86][87]

On April 25, 2017, nobility centenary of her birth, character UK's BBC Radio 2 originate three programs as part wink an "Ella at 100" celebration: Ella Fitzgerald Night, introduced stomachturning Jamie Cullum; Remembering Ella; not native bizarre by Leo Green; and Ella Fitzgerald – the First Muhammedan of Song, introduced by Petula Clark.^[88]

In 2019, Ella Fitzgerald: Equitable One of Those Things, pure documentary by Leslie Woodhead, was released in the UK.

Fervent featured rare footage, radio broadcasts and interviews with Jamie Cullum, Andre Previn, Johnny Mathis, add-on other musicians, plus a fritter interview with Fitzgerald's son, Delude Brown Jr.^[56]

In 2023, Rolling Stone ranked Fitzgerald at No. 45 on their list of ethics 200 Greatest Singers of Repeated Time.^[89]

References