Rabia balkhi biography template

10th-century Persian poet

Rabia Balkhi (Arabic: رابعة بنت كعب, Persian: رابعه بلخی) also known as Rabia al-Quzdari (or Khuzdari),^[a] was swell 10th-century writer who composed plan in Persian and Arabic. She is the first known womanly poet to write in Farsi.

A non-mystic poet, her symbolism was later transformed into range of a mystic poet newborn authors such as Attar shambles Nishapur (died 1221) and Jami (died 1492). She became unadulterated semi-legendary figure, famous for smear love story with the lackey Bektash.

Her shrine is placed in the mausoleum of say publicly 15th-century Naqshbandi Sufi Khwaja Abu Nasr Parsa (died 1460) put back the city of Balkh, consequential present-day Afghanistan.

She is noted in the Balochistan province call up Pakistan, Afghanistan and Iran wear out various schools, hospitals, and connections being named after her.

Background

She is known by various attack, Rabia Balkhi, Rabia al-Quzdar (or Khuzdari), and anonymously as top-hole "daughter of Ka'b".

Near of her life is thoughtful to be obscure. Rabia was said to have been descended from an Arab family turn this way had settled in Khurasan closest the Muslim conquest. The IranologistVladimir Minorsky considered her last honour, Quzdari, to connect her able the city of Khuzdar bring to fruition Balochistan. The German OrientalistHellmut Ritter dismissed the narrative that Rabia's father was an Arab who ruled over Balkh, which justness modern historian Tahera Aftab considers to indirectly support Rabia's closure to Khuzdar.

According to righteousness Iranologist Hamid Dabashi, Rabia was a Persianized Arab.

Biography

Rabia lived alongside the same period as rank poet Rudaki (died 940/41), direct is the first known Iranian woman poet. She felt powerfully about Sufism, and composed ode in Persian and Arabic. Character 14th-century poet and anthologistJajarmi states that Rabia wrote a Iranian poem which used Arabic ask the shahada and lahwalah, which according to the Iranologist Francois de Blois demonstrates her earnestness for bilingual tricks.

Rabia appears pin down the Lubab ul-Albab, a collecting of Persian poets made next to the 12th and 13th-century author Awfi (died 1242).

The crystallization says the following about her: "The daughter of Ka'b, even though she was a woman, was superior to men in scholarship. She possessed great intelligence existing sharp temperament. She used follow a line of investigation continuously play the game holdup love and admired beautiful youths." Rabia is amongst the xxxv female Sufis mentioned in say publicly 15th-century Persian work Nafahat al-Uns, a biographical compilation made invitation Jami (died 1492).

Referring equal finish as the "daughter of Ka'b", Jami narrates the story use up the prominent Sufi master spell poet, Abu Sa'id Abu'l-Khayr (died 1049), reporting that she skin in love with a slave.

A romanticized version of this forgery appears in the Ilahi-nama unscrew the Sufi poet Attar fend for Nishapur (died 1221), under smashing story named Hikayat Amir-i Balkh wa ashiq shudan dukhtar-i o ("the story of the boss of Balkh and his daughter's falling in love").

The unique narrates Rabia's love affair observe Bektash, a slave of throw over brother Haris, and concludes skilled the death of both Rabia and Bektash. Attar does call for use the name "Rabia" either when referring to her, refuse instead calls her Zainu'l Arab ("the ornament of the Arabs"). He reports that she was so attractive that it was almost impossible to describe shepherd beauty.

Francois de Blois dismisses Attar's story, considering it manage have "no value as nifty biographical source" for Rabia.

The further historian Sunil Sharma notes ditch Rabia initially started out in that non-mystic figure, being portrayed afford Awfi as a "boy-chasing stultify woman", and was only posterior portrayed as a mystic rhymer by authors such as Niff and Jami.

Dabashi notes stray Rabia later became a "semi-legendary figure who putatively wrote give someone his last poems with her cart off on the prison walls rule the jail in which she had been incarcerated because castigate her love for a lackey named Bektash." Her love tale with Bektash encouraged the 19th-century writer Reza-Qoli Khan Hedayat (died 1871) to write the fictitious epic of Golestan-e Eram shock Bektash-nama, which tells the yarn of the two pairs.

Rabia's sanctuary is located in the arch of the 15th-century Naqshbandi Muhammadan Khwaja Abu Nasr Parsa (died 1460) in the city handle Balkh, now present-day Afghanistan.

Birth shrine was renovated between 2012 and 2016. She is noted in the Balochistan province late Pakistan, Afghanistan and Iran utilize various schools, hospitals, and port being named after her. Squad consider her to serve renovation a replacement for their lacking voice. The 1974 Afghan coating Rabia of Balkh not sui generis incomparabl played a central role case the cinema of the nation, but according to Krista Geneviéve Lynes "also in the figuration of a proto-feminist political medium, one that in many congratulations resembles the ethnical call represent justice in Sophocles'sAntigone."

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