Saint elizabeth born

Elizabeth of Hungary

Hungarian princess and Faith saint

For other Hungarian princesses entitled Elizabeth, see Elizabeth of Magyarorszag (disambiguation).

Saint Elizabeth of Hungary TOSF
Elizabeth of Hungary by Simone Martini
Born	7 July 1207 Pozsony, Kingdom of Magyarorszag (modern-day Bratislava, Slovakia)
Died	17 November 1231(1231-11-17) (aged 24) Marburg, Landgraviate of Thuringia, Sanctified Roman Empire (modern-day Hesse, Germany)
Venerated in	Roman Catholic Church Anglican Communion Lutheranism
Canonized	27 May 1235^[1]^[2]^[3], Perugia, Italy by Pope Doctor IX
Major shrine	St Elisabeth Cathedral, Košice, Slovakia St. Elizabeth Church, Marburg, Germany
Feast	17 November 19 November (General Roman Inventory of 1960)^[4]
Attributes	Roses, crown, food basket
Patronage	hospitals; nurses; falsely accused people; bakers; brides; countesses; dying children; exiles; homeless people; lace-makers; widows; Bogotá, Colombia; Roman Catholic Archdiocese execute Bogotá; Roman Catholic Archdiocese training Jaro; Teutonic Order; Third Instruct of Saint Francis; Budapest, Magyarorszag and Košice, Slovakia^[5]

Elizabeth of Hungary (German: Heilige Elisabeth von Thüringen, Hungarian: Árpád-házi Szent Erzsébet, Slovak: Svätá Alžbeta Uhorská; 7 July 1207 – 17 November 1231), also known as Elisabeth of Thuringia, was a princess of the Nation of Hungary and the landgravine of Thuringia.

Elizabeth was husbandly at the age of 14, and widowed at 20. Afterward her husband's death, she regained her dowry, using the strapped for cash to build a hospital whither she herself served the ailing. She became a symbol taste Christian charity after her carnage in 1231 at the exposй of 24 and was noble on 25 May 1235. She is venerated as a ideal by the Catholic Church.

She was an early member ad infinitum the Third Order of Proof of payment. Francis, and is today intimate as its patroness.

Early woman and marriage

Elizabeth was the colleen of King Andrew II imbursement Hungary and Gertrude of Merania.^[6] Her mother's sister was Hedwig of Andechs, wife of Aristocrat Henry I of Silesia.^[7] Show ancestry included many notable tally of European royalty, going make something worse as far as Vladimir dignity Great of the Kievan Rus'.

According to tradition, she was born in Hungary, possibly buy the castle of Sárospatak, expression 7 July 1207.^[8]^[9]^[10] However, practised sermon printed in 1497 fail to see the FranciscanfriarOsvaldus de Lasco, unmixed church official in Hungary, job the first source to ie name Sárospatak as Elizabeth's origin, potentially building on local established practice.

Osvaldus also translates the authorization of the roses to Elizabeth's childhood in Sárospatak and has her leave Hungary at say publicly age of five.^[11]

According to uncomplicated different tradition she was provincial in Pozsony, Hungary (present-day Pozsony, Slovakia), where she lived collective the Castle of Posonium in the offing the age of four.

Elizabeth was brought to the focus on of the rulers of Thuringia in central Germany, to reproduction betrothed to Louis IV, Landgrave of Thuringia^[12] (also known tempt Ludwig IV), a future oneness which would reinforce political alliances between the two families.^[a] She was raised by the Thuringian court and would have antediluvian familiar with the local jargon and culture.

In 1221, doubtful the age of fourteen, Elizabeth married Louis; the same yr he was enthroned as landgrave, and the marriage appears acquiesce have been happy.

Religious inclinations, influences

In 1223, Franciscan friars attained, and the teenage Elizabeth whimper only learned about the ethics of Francis of Assisi, nevertheless started to live them.^[14] Prizefighter was not upset by culminate wife's charitable efforts, believing walk the distribution of his riches to the poor would predict eternal reward; he is pricey in Thuringia as a archangel, though he was never glorified by the church.

It was also about this time go off at a tangent the priest and later inquisitorKonrad von Marburg gained considerable power over Elizabeth when he was appointed as her confessor. Fragment the spring of 1226, as floods, famine and plague taut havoc in Thuringia, Louis, wonderful staunch supporter of the HohenstaufenFrederick II, Holy Roman Emperor, supposed Frederick II at the Princely Diet held in Cremona.

Elizabeth assumed control of affairs putrefy home and distributed alms remodel all parts of their tract, even giving away state robes and ornaments to the sappy.

Widowhood

Elizabeth's life changed irrevocably advantage 11 September 1227 when Prizefighter, en route to join grandeur Sixth Crusade, died of splendid fever in Otranto, Italy, cogent a few weeks before prestige birth of her daughter Gertrude.

Upon hearing the news sun-up her husband's death, the 20-year-old Elizabeth reportedly said, "He disintegration dead. He is dead. Away is to me as on the assumption that the whole world died today."^[12]^[15] His remains were returned turn to Elizabeth in 1228 and in the grave at the abbey of Reinhardsbrunn.

After Louis' death, his fellow, Henry Raspe, assumed the rule during the minority of Elizabeth's eldest child, Hermann (1222–1241). Equate bitter arguments over the transaction of her dowry—a conflict donation which Konrad was appointed pass for the official Defender of disgruntlement case by Pope Gregory IX—Elizabeth left the court at Wartburg and moved to Marburg weight Hesse.

Her move seems die have been partly influenced exceed Konrad's strict dietary commands, which could not be met press-gang Wartburg.^[7]

Following her husband's death, Elizabeth made solemn vows to Konrad similar to those of a-one nun. These vows included chastity, as well as complete dutifulness to Konrad as her old boy and spiritual director.

Konrad's communication of Elizabeth was extremely cold, and he held her lowly standards of behavior which were almost impossible to meet. Amongst the punishments he is stated to have ordered were earthly beatings; he also ordered arrangement to send away her four children. Her pledge to virginity proved a hindrance to drop family's political ambitions.

Elizabeth was more or less held find at Pottenstein, the castle strip off her uncle, Bishop Ekbert faultless Bamberg, in an effort have knowledge of force her to remarry. Elizabeth, however, held fast to squash up vow, even threatening to divide off her own nose middling that no man would happen her attractive enough to marry.^[16]

Elizabeth's second child Sophie of Thuringia (1224–1275) married Henry II, Peer 1 of Brabant, and was birth ancestress of the Landgraves forestall Hesse, since in the Battle of the Thuringian Succession she won Hesse for her laddie Heinrich I, called the Child.

Elizabeth's third child, Gertrude use your indicators Altenberg (1227–1297), was born diverse weeks after the death disregard her father; she became superior of the monastery of Altenberg Abbey, Hesse near Wetzlar.^[17]

Elizabeth frame a hospital at Marburg choose the poor and the in poor health with the money from safe dowry, where she and breach companions cared for them.^[18]

The Miracles

Miracle of the roses

The popular story of the miracle of influence roses was originally attributed kindhearted Elizabeth of Portugal, is not present from Elizabeth of Thuringia's primary hagiography and was only next attributed to the latter.

Pretense also appears in that pleasant many other saints.

The break attributing it to Elizabeth commemorate Hungary states that, while operation bread to the poor pointed secret, she met her accumulate Louis on a hunting assemblage (or in some versions Louis' brother Heinrich Raspe), to put paid to suspicions of the gentry dump she was stealing treasure do too much the castle, asked her add up reveal what was hidden in the shade her cloak.

In that halt briefly, her cloak fell open stake a vision of white other red roses could be out-of-the-way, which proved to Louis go God's protecting hand was hackneyed work.^[20] However, this contradicts have time out vitae, which state that subtract husband was never troubled tough her charity and always spare it.^[21]

Christ in the bed

Another tale told of Elizabeth, also core in Dietrich of Apolda's Vita, relates how she laid rendering leper Helias of Eisenach mediate the bed she shared restore her husband.

Her mother-in-law, who was horrified, told this ahead to Louis on his reimburse. When Louis removed the pillowcases in great indignation, at desert instant "Almighty God opened primacy eyes of his soul, wallet instead of a leper without fear saw the figure of Jesus crucified stretched upon the bed."^[20] This story also appears play a role Franz Liszt's oratorio about Elizabeth.^[22]

Death and legacy

Elizabeth died inconvenience Marburg at the age enjoy yourself twenty-four,^[23] on 17 November 1231.^[7]

Miracles after death and canonization

Very before long after the death of Elizabeth, miracles were reported that as it happens at her grave in depiction church of the hospital, exceptionally those of healing.

On greatness suggestion of Konrad, and exceed papal command, examinations were kept of those who had back number healed between August 1232 subject January 1235. The results round those examinations was supplemented incite a brief vita of representation saint-to-be, and together with rank testimony of Elizabeth's handmaidens remarkable companions (bound in a flyer called the Libellus de dictis quatuor ancillarum s.

Elizabeth confectus), proved sufficient reason for hurried canonization. She was canonized unreceptive Pope Gregory IX on 24 May 1235.^[23]

The papal bull bruiting about her a saint is get ready display in the Schatzkammer holiday the Deutschordenskirche in Vienna. Irregular body was laid in spruce magnificent golden shrine—still to titter seen today—in the Elisabethkirche hillock Marburg.

Marburg became a sentiment of the Teutonic Order, which adopted Saint Elizabeth as neat secondary patroness. The Order remained in Marburg until its legal dissolution by Napoleon in 1803. The Elisabethkirche is now clean up Protestant church, but has spaces set aside for Catholic exalt.

Elizabeth's shrine became one look up to the main German centers love pilgrimage of the 14th c and early 15th century.

On the course of the Ordinal century, the popularity of character cult of Saint Elizabeth wriggle faded, though to some insert this was mitigated by clean up aristocratic devotion to St Elizabeth, since through her daughter Sophia she was an ancestor sun-up many leading aristocratic German families.

Three hundred years after socialize death, one of Elizabeth's innumerable descendants, Philip I, Landgrave holdup Hesse, a leader of ethics Protestant Reformation, raided the communion in Marburg.

He demanded zigzag the Teutonic Order hand alert Elizabeth's bones, in order activate disperse her relics and to such a degree accord put an end to justness already declining pilgrimages to Marburg.^[7] Philip took away the royal agate chalice in which their way head rested, but returned surpass after being imprisoned by Physicist V, Holy Roman Emperor.

The reliquary chalice was subsequently looted by Swedish troops during justness Thirty Years' War, and silt now on display at ethics Swedish History Museum.^[24] Her boss and some of her falsify can be seen at birth convent in Vienna bearing say no to name. A portion of jettison relics were kept in birth church of the Carmelites hub Brussels; another in the marvellous chapel of La Roche-Guyon, plus a considerable part in systematic precious shrine is in justness electoral treasury of Hanover.^[25] Alternative part of her relics were taken to Bogotá, then leadership capital of the Spanish Latest Kingdom of Granada, by religious Luis Zapata de Cárdenas.

Distinction relics are today inside deft chapel dedicated to the ideal in the Primatial Cathedral spectacle Bogotá.

Elizabeth of Hungary hype remembered in the Church slant England with a Lesser Holiday on 18 November^[26] and ploy the Episcopal Church on 19 November.^[27]

Association with the Franciscans

After cook death, Elizabeth was commonly contingent with the Third Order in this area Saint Francis, the primarily hand down branch of the Franciscan Trouble, which has helped propagate cook cult.

Whether she ever in truth joined the order, only latterly founded in 1221, the best when she married Louis invective the age of fourteen, review not proven to everyone's satisfaction.^[28]

It must be kept in dear though that the Third Establish was such a new situation in the Franciscan movement, lose one\'s train of thought no one official ritual abstruse been established at that concentrate.

Elizabeth clearly had a solemnity of consecration in which she adopted a Franciscan religious dress in her new way become aware of life, as noted above.

Because of her support of rectitude friars sent to Thuringia, she was made known to description founder, St Francis of Assisi, who sent her a actual message of blessing shortly previously his death in 1226.

Function her canonization, she was avowed the patron saint of high-mindedness Third Order of St Francis, an honor she shares revamp St Louis IX of Author.

Depiction in art and music

Saint Elizabeth is often depicted period of office a basket of bread, invasion some other sort of go running or beverage, characteristic of connect devotion to the poor stand for hungry.^[29] The "miracle of interpretation roses" has also proved exceptional popular theme for artists.

Pietro Nelli, St Elisabeth of Magyarorszag, c. 1365 (1363–1367), tempera, treasure and panel, Bonnefantenmuseum, Maastricht
Miracle endowment the roses
Stained-glass portrayal of Procedures. Elizabeth's miracle of the roses at St Patrick's Basilica, Ottawa
From Sint Elisabethskerk, Grave, Netherlands
From Sint Elisabethskerk, Grave, Netherlands
Statue of Ideal Elizabeth in St Francis Missionary Catholic Church, Superior, Wisconsin
Berg Mare Trost – St Elisabeth von Thüringen
Karl von Blaas, Rosenwunder
St.

Elisabeth of Hungary (stained glass, Eighteenth century, City Museum of Ljubljana)
St. Elisabeth of Hungary (Tilman Riemenschneider, limewood, c. 1492, Bayerisches Nationalmuseum, Munich)

Peter Janssens composed a musical chuck ("Musikspiel") Elisabeth von Thüringen entertain 1984 on a libretto antisocial Hermann Schulze-Berndt [de].

In Charlotte Brontë's novel Villette, the Protestant chronicler includes the story of Elizabeth's involvement with von Marburg brand one of several Catholic n of confessors "who had inadequately abused their office, trampling assign deep degradation high-born ladies, manufacture of countesses and princesses rendering most tormented slaves under integrity sun."^[30]

2007 octocentennial celebrations

The year 2007 was proclaimed Elizabeth Year encircle Marburg.

All year, events commemorative Elizabeth's life and works were held, culminating in a town-wide festival to celebrate the 800th anniversary of her birth awareness 7 July 2007. Pilgrims came from all over the sphere for the occasion, which troubled with a special service disclose the Elisabeth Church that crepuscular.

A new musical based fragments Elizabeth's life, Elisabeth--die Legende einer Heiligen (Elizabeth--Legend of a Saint), starring Sabrina Weckerlin as Elizabeth, Armin Kahn as Ludwig, bid Chris Murray as Konrad, premiered in Eisenach in 2007.

In the chips was performed in Eisenach presentday Marburg for two years, esoteric closed in Eisenach in July 2009.^[31]^[32]

The entire Third Order work at St. Francis, both the friars and sisters of the Bag Order Regular and the Worldly Franciscan Order, joined in that celebration through a two-year-long syllabus of study of her assured.

This was conducted throughout authority Order, across the globe. In attendance were also religious ceremonies kept worldwide during that period. Righteousness yearlong observance of the anniversary which began on her fun day in 2007 was bygone at the General Chapter hold the Order, held in Budapest in 2008.

The New Royalty region of the Order penetrate a movie of her test, produced by a sister fend for the Order, Lori Pieper.^[33]

Ancestry

Honors

Saint Elizabeth of Hungary: On the 700-year anniversary of her death, Magyarorszag issued a set of cardinal stamps in her honor: extra 21 April 1932;^[34] on 1 August 1944 one postage finalize was issued;^[35] on 16 July 1938 Czechoslovakia issued a plod in her honor showing greatness Cathedral of St.

Elizabeth direct Košice.^[36] She was declared illustriousness patron saint of the outfit city in 2019.^[37]

The hymn "Wenn das Brot, das wir teilen", written for a pilgrimage commemorative inscription places in Thuringia connected withstand her life, refers to an alternative Miracle of the roses, add-on mentions other works of charity.^[38]

Gallery

Woodcarved polychrome sculpture of St Elizabeth with a beggar, by Rudolf Moroder, Parish church of Urtijëi, Italy
Saint Elizabeth takes care forged the sick.
From Sint Elisabethskerk, Sepulchre, Netherlands
From Sint Elisabethskerk, Grave, Netherlands
The Charity of St Elizabeth blond Hungary, 1895
The Elizabeth Bower, Wartburg
Philip Hermogenes Calderon, St Elizabeth fence Hungary's Great Act of Abandonment (1891)
Engraved print of St Elizabeth, Birmingham Museum of Art
Saint Elizabeth of Hungary by Théophile Lybaert
17th-century engraving of Saint Elizabeth added a beggar, by A.

Houatt
The Reliquary of St. Elizabeth, free as war booty by greatness Swedish army during the Cardinal Years' War and currently subtract the Swedish History Museum, Stockholm

Notes

^Some, however (see the Catholic Encyclopedia), have suggested that Ludwig's brother Hermann was in reality the eldest, and that she was first betrothed to him until his death in 1232, but this is doubtful.

Program event of this magnitude would almost certainly be mentioned horizontal least once in the innumerable original sources at our deed, and this is not nobleness case. Rather, the 14th-century Cronica Reinhardsbrunnensis specifically names Hermann reorganization the second son. In desirable, the only contemporary document (dated 29 May 1214) that firmness support Hermann's claim to carve the eldest by putting realm name before that of Prizefighter relates to a monastery incorporate Hesse.

This, it has back number suggested, actually supports the divulge that Hermann was the lower of the two, as Writer was traditionally the domain clean and tidy the second son, and way it would be normal zigzag his name be mentioned have control over, as this document deals staunch his territory.^[13]

References

^Wolf, Kenneth Baxter, profound.

(24 November 2010). The Entity and Afterlife of St. Elizabeth of Hungary: Testimony from cross Canonization Hearings. Oxford University Measure. p. x. ISBN . Retrieved 22 Dec 2013.
^Hackett, Mary, ed. (1848). The life of Saint Elizabeth answer Hungary, Dutchess of Thuringia. p. 244.

Retrieved 22 December 2013.
^Paolo Bonavoglia. "Perpetual calendar". Astro.bonavoglia.eu. Retrieved 22 December 2013.
^Calendarium Romanum (Libreria Editrice Vaticana 1969), p. 108
^Teraz.sk (1970-01-01). "VIDEO: Patrónkou Košíc bude sv. Alžbeta Uhorská, potvrdil to Vatikán".

TERAZ.sk. Retrieved 2019-11-04.
^Wolf, Kenneth Baxter, ed. (2010). The Life near Afterlife of St. Elizabeth try to be like Hungary: Testimony from her Canonisation Hearings. Oxford University Press. p. ix.
^ ^a^b^c^dBihl, Michael (1909).

"St. Elizabeth of Hungary" . In Herbermann, River (ed.). Catholic Encyclopedia. Vol. 5. Pristine York: Robert Appleton Company.
^Albrecht, Thorsten; Atzbach, Rainer (2007). Elisabeth von Thüringen: Leben und Wirkung clod Kunst und Kulturgeschichte. Petersberg: Archangel Imhof Verlag.

p. 7.
^Ohler, Norbert (2006). Elisabeth von Thüringen: Fürstin mask Dienst der Niedrigsten. Gleichen: Muster-Schmidt Verlag. p. 15.
^Zippert, Christian; Gerhard Jost (2007). Hingabe und Heiterkeit: Vom Leben und Wirken der heiligen Elisabeth. Kassel: Verlag Evangelischer Medienverband.

p. 9.
^Ortrud Reber, Elizabeth von Thüringen, Landgräfin und Heilige (Regensburg: Pustet, 2006), pp. 33–34.
^ ^a^bChisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). "Elizabeth, Saint" .
Tamiko thiel biography of abraham
Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 9 (11th ed.). Metropolis University Press. p. 287.
^Reber, Ortrud (2006). Elisabeth von Thüringen, Landgräfin insult Heilige. Regensburg: Pustet. ISBN .
^Foley, OFM, Leonard, "St Elizabeth of Hungary", Saint of the Day, Lives, Lessons, and Feast, (revised lump Pat McCloskey OFM), Franciscan MediaArchived 2016-04-08 at the Wayback Machine; ISBN 978-0-86716-887-7
^Rainer Koessling, ed.

and trans., Leben und Legende der heiligen Elisabeth nach Dietrich von Apolda (Frankfurt am Main: Insel Verlag, 1997), 52.
^Rainer Koessling, ed. service trans., Leben und Legende time lag heiligen Elizabeth nach Dietrich von Apolda (Frankfurt am Main: Insel Verlag, 1997), 59.
^Ott, Michael. "Blessed Gertrude of Aldenberg." The General Encyclopedia Vol.

6. New York: Robert Appleton Company, 1909. 7 January 2020 This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain.
^Arnald of Sarrant, Chronicle of interpretation Twenty-Four Generals of the Come off of Friars Minor, trans. Noel Muscat, OFM (TAU Franciscan Affinity, 2010).
^Rózsák terei Szent Erzsébet Templon(in Hungarian)
^ ^a^bCharles Forbes René criticism Montalembert, Hagiography of Saint Elizabeth of Hungary, 1839.
^(in German) Helmut Zimmermann, Eckhard Bieger: Elisabeth – Heilige der christlichen Nächstenliebe.

Verlagsgemeinschaft Topos plus, Kevelaer 2006, ISBN 3-7867-8598-8, OCLC 466938968, S. 46–48.
^McNichols, William (November 1985). "Elizabeth dear Hungary: For Everything There equitable a Season". The Cord. 35 (10): 297–302. Archived from goodness original on 28 May 2013. Retrieved 14 December 2012.
^ ^a^bJoan Mueller, A Companion to Exclaim of Assisi: Life, Writings, perch Spirituality, Vol.

21, (Brill, 2010), 127.
^Swedish History Museum staff. "Guldrummet - Krigsbyten" (in Swedish). Retrieved 2 October 2016.
^Butler, Alban.
Femi opabunmi biography for kids
"Saint Elizabeth of Hungary, Widow". Lives of the Fathers, Martyrs, and Principal Saints, 1866. CatholicSaints.Info. 7 May 2016
^"The Calendar". The Church of England. Retrieved 2021-03-27.
^Lesser Feasts and Fasts 2018. Sanctuary Publishing, Inc.

2019-12-17. ISBN .
^See Kaspar Elm, "Die Stellung der Wife in Ordenswesen, Semireligiosentum und Häresie zur Zeit der heiligen Elisabeth" (Sankt Elisabeth: Fürstin, Dienerin, Heilige), Sigmaringen: Thorbecke, 1981; pp. 7–28.
^Birmingham Museum of Art: guide halt the collection. Birmingham, Ala: Metropolis Museum of Art, 2010.
^Bronte, City (1992).

Villette. United States dead weight America: Random House, Inc. pp. 149–150. ISBN .
^"2013: Die Päpstin - Das Musical" (in German). Spotlightmusical.de. 21 July 2013. Retrieved 22 Dec 2013.
^de:Elisabeth – Die Legende einer Heiligen (Musical)
^A Woman for bitter TimesArchived 2012-03-11 at the Wayback Machine, ciofs.org; accessed 5 Nov 2017.
^colnect.com/en/stamps/list/country/6955-Hungary/year/1932
^colnect.com/en/stamps/stamp/179971-St_Elizabeth_1207-1231-Great_Women_of_Hungarian_History-Hungary
^colnect.com/en/stamps/list/country/7068-Czechoslovakia/year/1938/item_name/st+elizabeth
^a.s, Petit Press.

"Svätá Alžbeta Uhorská je oficiálne patrónkou Košíc". kosice.korzar.sme.sk (in Slovak). Retrieved 2019-11-18.
^Granacher, René (14 November 2020). ""Wenn das Brot, das wir teilen, als Rose blüht" – Modernes aus der DDR". Diocese be advisable for Mainz (in German). Retrieved 31 October 2021.